Which airbag backpack to choose?

There's nothing like powder snow to give you a thrill. But to have a safe and enjoyable time, it's important to choose a practical and easy-to-use airbag backpack. Here's everything you need to know before making your choice.

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Airbag backpack: how it works

To know which airbag to choose, you need to understand how it works. The principle is simple and is based on the theory of reverse segregation. When granular material flows, the larger particles rise to the top, and the smaller ones are sucked to the bottom. As the avalanche backpack expands, it increases your body volume and keeps you afloat if an avalanche starts. However, a skier with an airbag backpack may still be buried, though often, at least part of their airbag pack is visible, making it easier to locate them.

The fatality rate for people caught in an avalanche while wearing an airbag backpack is less than 5%, compared to 13% for those without one. But for the airbag to work, you'll need to activate it early. Stay vigilant and use it at the right time: better to activate the cartridge unnecessarily than to risk your safety.

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What technology should you choose for your airbag backpack?

The progress in avalanche backpack technology is ongoing, and many brands have developed their own systems. However, they all generally rely on three types of triggering mechanisms: by cable (a gas cartridge fills the airbag), by pyrotechnics (a needle punctures a compressed air cartridge), and by button (activation of a blower). Here are some noteworthy avalanche backpack options:

ABS: Avalanche Airbag System

The first on the market, it remains popular. Pulling the handle triggers a pyrotechnic system that builds enough pressure for a needle to pierce the cartridge. Two balloons of 85 liters each are inflated. The key benefit is that even if one balloon is damaged, the other keeps you afloat. However, it doesn’t offer much head protection. After activation, you’ll need to take it to a dealer for recharging.

RAS backpack: Removable Airbag System

Triggered by a cable handle, a cartridge fills a U-shaped balloon of 150 liters, surrounding the head. The airbag system can be detached, making it convenient if you ski on and off-piste. "RAS" stands for "Removable Airbag System." For versatile skiers, this is an ideal choice.

PAS backpack: Protection Airbag System

Similar to RAS, the PAS system includes a non-removable 150-liter balloon partially housed in the shoulder straps, offering substantial capacity. However, the shoulder straps are rigid, reducing comfort.

The BCA Float airbag backpack

With a handle activation, a 150-liter U-shaped balloon inflates to protect the head and neck, though not the body. It becomes difficult to ski once deployed. Choosing a BCA Float is opting for easy use and refilling options, as kits are available to refill cartridges independently.

Jetforce airbag backpack

This model uses a blower to inflate a 200-liter airbag—the largest on the market—at the push of a button. Powered by a lithium-ion battery, it can be reused multiple times, making it ideal for training. However, it's heavier than cartridge-based models.

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Choosing your airbag backpack: a matter of weight

For both hiking and skiing, managing weight is crucial. The larger the backpack, the heavier it is—even when empty—and this weight doesn’t include the airbag system, which usually weighs between 1kg and 3.5kg. If you only occasionally go off-piste, choose a compact backpack. For longer trips or multi-day excursions, opt for an airbag backpack with adequate storage for safety gear and essentials. Lighter carbon cartridges are available to replace standard steel ones.

Choosing your airbag backpack can significantly enhance your avalanche survival chances. With various capacities, technologies, and prices, the diverse selection ensures you find the perfect model for your off-piste adventures.